Oil refining: emissions by company in the EU ETS
97 Mt CO2e in 2025 from 94 oil refining installations in the EU ETS, run by 66 companies; 68 Mt of it covered by free allowances. Source: Arcadium Data, data as of .
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Largest operating companies
| Operating company | Installations | Emissions 2025 | Free allocation | Allowances to buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORLEN S.A. | 1 | 7.4 Mt | 2.9 Mt | 4.5 Mt |
| Repsol Petróleo, S.A. | 4 | 6.9 Mt | 4.9 Mt | 2.0 Mt |
| SHELL Nederland Raffinaderij B.V. | 1 | 4.2 Mt | 3.0 Mt | 1.2 Mt |
| TOTALENERGIES RAFFINAGE FRANCE | 5 | 4.1 Mt | 2.3 Mt | 1.8 Mt |
| Ruhr Oel GmbH | 2 | 3.9 Mt | 2.5 Mt | 1.4 Mt |
| ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΑ Δ.Ε.Π.Π.Π. Α.Ε. | 3 | 3.7 Mt | 2.5 Mt | 1.2 Mt |
| TotalEnergies Refinery Antwerp | 1 | 3.4 Mt | 2.4 Mt | 1.0 Mt |
| PCK Raffinerie GmbH | 1 | 3.3 Mt | 1.3 Mt | 2.0 Mt |
| Compañía Española de Petróleos, S.A. | 3 | 2.7 Mt | 2.5 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
| OMV Downstream GmbH | 1 | 2.6 Mt | 1.7 Mt | 1.0 Mt |
| Mineralölraffinerie Oberrhein GmbH & Co. KG | 1 | 2.6 Mt | 1.8 Mt | 0.8 Mt |
| Esso Nederland B.V. | 1 | 2.5 Mt | 2.0 Mt | 0.5 Mt |
| Shell Deutschland GmbH | 2 | 2.3 Mt | 1.9 Mt | 0.4 Mt |
| Neste Oyj | 1 | 2.2 Mt | 1.9 Mt | 0.4 Mt |
| Petróleos de Portugal - Petrogal S.A | 1 | 2.2 Mt | 1.5 Mt | 0.7 Mt |
| Exxonmobil Petroleum & Chemical | 1 | 2.1 Mt | 1.5 Mt | 0.7 Mt |
| BP Raffinaderij Rotterdam B.V. | 1 | 2.1 Mt | 1.5 Mt | 0.6 Mt |
| ENI S.P.A. | 3 | 2.1 Mt | 1.9 Mt | 0.1 Mt |
| Petróleos del Norte, SA | 1 | 2.0 Mt | 1.5 Mt | 0.4 Mt |
| ISAB S.r.l. | 3 | 1.9 Mt | 1.5 Mt | 0.4 Mt |
| Raffineria di Milazzo S.C.p.A. | 1 | 1.9 Mt | 1.4 Mt | 0.5 Mt |
| Preem AB | 2 | 1.8 Mt | 1.7 Mt | 66 kt |
| AB ORLEN Lietuva | 1 | 1.7 Mt | 1.2 Mt | 0.5 Mt |
| TotalEnergies Raffinerie Mitteldeutschland GmbH | 1 | 1.7 Mt | 1.9 Mt | none |
| Sonatrach Raffineria Italiana S.r.l. | 1 | 1.5 Mt | 1.1 Mt | 0.4 Mt |
Largest installations
| Installation | Activity | Country | Operating company | Emissions 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rafineria | Refining of mineral oil | Poland | ORLEN S.A. | 7.4 Mt |
| Shell Nederland Raffinaderij B.V. | Refining of mineral oil | Netherlands | SHELL Nederland Raffinaderij B.V. | 4.2 Mt |
| TotalEnergies Refinery Antwerp | Refining of mineral oil | Belgium | TotalEnergies Refinery Antwerp | 3.4 Mt |
| PCK Raffinerie Glocke Schwedt | Refining of mineral oil | Germany | PCK Raffinerie GmbH | 3.3 Mt |
| RUHR OEL GmbH - Werk Scholven - CO2-Glocke | Refining of mineral oil | Germany | Ruhr Oel GmbH | 2.9 Mt |
| OMV Raffinerie Schwechat | Refining of mineral oil | Austria | OMV Downstream GmbH | 2.6 Mt |
| Werk 1 und Werk 2 | Refining of mineral oil | Germany | Mineralölraffinerie Oberrhein GmbH & Co. KG | 2.6 Mt |
| ESSO Raffinaderij Rotterdam | Refining of mineral oil | Netherlands | Esso Nederland B.V. | 2.5 Mt |
| Repsol Petróleo S.A. | Refining of mineral oil | Spain | Repsol Petróleo, S.A. | 2.4 Mt |
| Porvoon jalostamo | Refining of mineral oil | Finland | Neste Oyj | 2.2 Mt |
| Refinaria de Sines | Refining of mineral oil | Portugal | Petróleos de Portugal - Petrogal S.A | 2.2 Mt |
| Esso Raffinaderij | Refining of mineral oil | Belgium | Exxonmobil Petroleum & Chemical | 2.1 Mt |
| Refining of mineral oil | Refining of mineral oil | Greece | 2.1 Mt | |
| Repsol Petróleo S.A. - Instalación de Tarragona | Refining of mineral oil | Spain | Repsol Petróleo, S.A. | 2.1 Mt |
| BP Raffinaderij Rotterdam B.V. | Refining of mineral oil | Netherlands | BP Raffinaderij Rotterdam B.V. | 2.1 Mt |
| Petróleos del Norte S.A. | Refining of mineral oil | Spain | Petróleos del Norte, SA | 2.0 Mt |
| Raffineria di Milazzo | Refining of mineral oil | Italy | Raffineria di Milazzo S.C.p.A. | 1.9 Mt |
| Raffinerie de Normandie (RN) | Refining of mineral oil | France | TOTALENERGIES RAFFINAGE FRANCE | 1.8 Mt |
| ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΑ Α.Ε. ΔΙΥΛΙΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΕΛΕΥΣΙΝΑΣ | Refining of mineral oil | Greece | ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΑ Δ.Ε.Π.Π.Π. Α.Ε. | 1.8 Mt |
| Naftos perdirbimo produktų gamykla | Refining of mineral oil | Lithuania | AB ORLEN Lietuva | 1.7 Mt |
| Mineralölraffinerie Leuna | Refining of mineral oil | Germany | TotalEnergies Raffinerie Mitteldeutschland GmbH | 1.7 Mt |
| ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΑ Α.Ε. ΔΙΥΛΙΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΑΣΠΡΟΠΥΡΓΟΥ | Refining of mineral oil | Greece | ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΠΕΤΡΕΛΑΙΑ Δ.Ε.Π.Π.Π. Α.Ε. | 1.6 Mt |
| Compañía Española de Petróleos S.A. - San Roque | Refining of mineral oil | Spain | Compañía Española de Petróleos, S.A. | 1.5 Mt |
| Raffneria di Augusta | Refining of mineral oil | Italy | Sonatrach Raffineria Italiana S.r.l. | 1.5 Mt |
| Equinor ASA Raffineri Mongstad | Refining of mineral oil | Norway | Equinor ASA | 1.5 Mt |
By country
- Estonia (5 installations)
- France (8 installations)
- Germany (21 installations)
- Italy (14 installations)
- Netherlands (5 installations)
- Spain (10 installations)
- Sweden (5 installations)
Emissions are verified EU Emissions Trading System emissions in tonnes of CO2 equivalent for 2025: the installations, aircraft operators and shipping companies covered by the ETS, not a company's total footprint (no scope 2 or 3, no sites outside the ETS). Free allocation is the free allowances allocated for the same year; "allowances to buy" is emissions minus free allocation, the exposure that grows as free allocation is phased out under CBAM from 2026. Companies only: an account holder that is not a company is never shown. Data as of 2026-10-25, updated yearly.
Emissions and allocation: European Commission, Union Registry of the EU ETS (verified emissions, free allocation, compliance and the list of operators; Commission reuse policy, CC BY 4.0). Parent company and pollutant releases of facilities: European Environment Agency, Industrial Emissions Portal (CC BY 4.0). Legal-entity identifiers: GLEIF (CC0).
Questions
Where does this data come from?
The European Commission publishes verified emissions, free allocation and compliance of every installation in the EU Emissions Trading System, and the list of operators with company registration number and LEI. We join them to the operating company, its website and its ultimate parent, and record changes each year.
Is this a full carbon footprint?
No. It covers emissions that fall under the EU ETS (power and heat, heavy industry, aviation within Europe, shipping). It has no scope 2 or scope 3 emissions and no sites outside the ETS.
Does the list show private persons?
No. Operators are shown only when they are companies. Account holders that could be natural persons are left out, and the data has no addresses or contact details.
Cite as: Arcadium Data, "Oil refining: emissions by company in the EU ETS: 97 Mt in 2025", https://arcadiumdata.io/emissions/sector/oil-refining/, data as of 2026-10-25.