Iron and steel: EU producers' emissions and free allocation (CBAM)
89 Mt CO2e in 2025 from 329 iron and steel installations in the EU ETS, run by 222 companies; 111 Mt of it covered by free allowances. Source: Arcadium Data, data as of .
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Largest operating companies
| Operating company | Installations | Emissions 2025 | Free allocation | Allowances to buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| voestalpine Stahl GmbH | 1 | 8.9 Mt | 6.9 Mt | 2.0 Mt |
| ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG | 9 | 7.1 Mt | 15 Mt | none |
| Tata Steel IJmuiden B.V. | 1 | 5.7 Mt | 8.3 Mt | none |
| ARCELORMITTAL FRANCE | 3 | 5.6 Mt | 6.8 Mt | none |
| ArcelorMittal Belgium | 4 | 4.8 Mt | 7.5 Mt | none |
| ARCELORMITTAL ESPAÑA, S.A. | 4 | 4.8 Mt | 5.4 Mt | none |
| SSAB EMEA AB | 2 | 4.4 Mt | 4.2 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
| Hüttenwerke Krupp Mannesmann Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | 1 | 3.9 Mt | 6.3 Mt | none |
| Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH | 5 | 3.9 Mt | 6.4 Mt | none |
| SSAB Europe Oy | 1 | 3.8 Mt | 3.3 Mt | 0.5 Mt |
| ROGESA Roheisengesellschaft Saar mbH | 1 | 3.6 Mt | 6.3 Mt | none |
| ARCELORMITTAL MEDITERRANEE | 1 | 3.5 Mt | 3.6 Mt | none |
| Acciaierie d'Italia S.p.A. | 3 | 3.2 Mt | 4.4 Mt | none |
| voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH | 1 | 2.8 Mt | 2.1 Mt | 0.7 Mt |
| TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a. s. | 1 | 2.5 Mt | 3.3 Mt | none |
| ArcelorMittal Bremen GmbH | 3 | 2.2 Mt | 4.4 Mt | none |
| ArcelorMittal Eisenhüttenstadt GmbH | 4 | 1.5 Mt | 2.8 Mt | none |
| Elkem ASA | 4 | 0.9 Mt | 0.7 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
| Aktien-Gesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke | 3 | 0.6 Mt | 0.2 Mt | 0.5 Mt |
| Eramet Norway AS | 3 | 0.6 Mt | 0.6 Mt | 85 kt |
| Outokumpu Stainless Oy | 1 | 0.6 Mt | 0.7 Mt | none |
| Acciaieria Arvedi S.p.A. | 2 | 0.5 Mt | 0.4 Mt | 0.1 Mt |
| BRE.M.A Warmwalz GmbH & Co. KG | 1 | 0.5 Mt | 0.2 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
| Dalmine SpA | 2 | 0.4 Mt | 0.2 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
| Saarstahl Aktiengesellschaft | 4 | 0.3 Mt | 0.1 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
Largest installations
| Installation | Activity | Country | Operating company | Emissions 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voestalpine Stahl Linz | Production of pig iron or steel | Austria | voestalpine Stahl GmbH | 8.9 Mt |
| Integriertes Hüttenwerk Duisburg | Production of pig iron or steel | Germany | ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG | 6.7 Mt |
| Tata Steel IJmuiden bv BKG 1 | Production of pig iron or steel | Netherlands | Tata Steel IJmuiden B.V. | 5.7 Mt |
| ArcelorMittal France- Dunkerque | Production of pig iron or steel | France | ARCELORMITTAL FRANCE | 5.4 Mt |
| ArcelorMittal Gent | Production of pig iron or steel | Belgium | ArcelorMittal Belgium | 4.8 Mt |
| ARCELORMITTAL ESPAÑA, S.A. | Production of pig iron or steel | Spain | ARCELORMITTAL ESPAÑA, S.A. | 4.7 Mt |
| Glocke Duisburg | Production of pig iron or steel | Germany | Hüttenwerke Krupp Mannesmann Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | 3.9 Mt |
| Raahen terästehdas | Production of pig iron or steel | Finland | SSAB Europe Oy | 3.8 Mt |
| Roheisenerzeugung Dillingen | Production of pig iron or steel | Germany | ROGESA Roheisengesellschaft Saar mbH | 3.6 Mt |
| ARCELORMITTAL MEDITERRANEE | Production of pig iron or steel | France | ARCELORMITTAL MEDITERRANEE | 3.5 Mt |
| Glocke Salzgitter | Production of pig iron or steel | Germany | Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH | 3.5 Mt |
| Stabilimento di Taranto | Production of pig iron or steel | Italy | Acciaierie d'Italia S.p.A. | 3.1 Mt |
| SSAB Luleå | Production of pig iron or steel | Sweden | SSAB EMEA AB | 2.9 Mt |
| voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH | Production of pig iron or steel | Austria | voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH | 2.8 Mt |
| Třinecké železárny | Production of pig iron or steel | Czechia | TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a. s. | 2.5 Mt |
| Einheitliche Anlage Bremen | Production of pig iron or steel | Germany | ArcelorMittal Bremen GmbH | 2.2 Mt |
| SSAB Oxelösund | Production of pig iron or steel | Sweden | SSAB EMEA AB | 1.5 Mt |
| Roheisen-und Stahlerzeugung | Production of pig iron or steel | Germany | ArcelorMittal Eisenhüttenstadt GmbH | 1.3 Mt |
| Tornion tehtaat | Production of pig iron or steel | Finland | Outokumpu Stainless Oy | 0.6 Mt |
| Acciaieria Arvedi S.p.A. | Production of pig iron or steel | Italy | Acciaieria Arvedi S.p.A. | 0.5 Mt |
| Warmwalzwerk | Production of pig iron or steel | Germany | BRE.M.A Warmwalz GmbH & Co. KG | 0.5 Mt |
| Dalmine S.p.A.-Stabilimento di Dalmine | Production of pig iron or steel | Italy | Dalmine SpA | 0.4 Mt |
| Einheitliche Anlage Stahlwerk Dillinger Hütte | Production of pig iron or steel | Germany | Aktien-Gesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke | 0.3 Mt |
| Sito produttivo di Terni | Production of pig iron or steel | Italy | Acciai Speciali Terni S.p.A. con Unico Socio | 0.3 Mt |
| Elkem Salten | Production or processing of ferrous metals | Norway | Elkem ASA | 0.3 Mt |
Emissions are verified EU Emissions Trading System emissions in tonnes of CO2 equivalent for 2025: the installations, aircraft operators and shipping companies covered by the ETS, not a company's total footprint (no scope 2 or 3, no sites outside the ETS). Free allocation is the free allowances allocated for the same year; "allowances to buy" is emissions minus free allocation, the exposure that grows as free allocation is phased out under CBAM from 2026. Companies only: an account holder that is not a company is never shown. Data as of 2026-10-25, updated yearly.
Emissions and allocation: European Commission, Union Registry of the EU ETS (verified emissions, free allocation, compliance and the list of operators; Commission reuse policy, CC BY 4.0). Parent company and pollutant releases of facilities: European Environment Agency, Industrial Emissions Portal (CC BY 4.0). Legal-entity identifiers: GLEIF (CC0).
Questions
Where does this data come from?
The European Commission publishes verified emissions, free allocation and compliance of every installation in the EU Emissions Trading System, and the list of operators with company registration number and LEI. We join them to the operating company, its website and its ultimate parent, and record changes each year.
Is this a full carbon footprint?
No. It covers emissions that fall under the EU ETS (power and heat, heavy industry, aviation within Europe, shipping). It has no scope 2 or scope 3 emissions and no sites outside the ETS.
Does the list show private persons?
No. Operators are shown only when they are companies. Account holders that could be natural persons are left out, and the data has no addresses or contact details.
Cite as: Arcadium Data, "Iron and steel: EU producers' emissions and free allocation (CBAM): 89 Mt in 2025", https://arcadiumdata.io/emissions/cbam/iron-and-steel/, data as of 2026-10-25.