Hydrogen: EU producers' emissions and free allocation (CBAM)
7.2 Mt CO2e in 2025 from 61 hydrogen installations in the EU ETS, run by 22 companies; 5.0 Mt of it covered by free allowances. Source: Arcadium Data, data as of .
Use it through the API License the full dataset
Largest operating companies
| Operating company | Installations | Emissions 2025 | Free allocation | Allowances to buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| YARA Brunsbüttel GmbH | 1 | 1.1 Mt | 1.1 Mt | 28 kt |
| Air Liquide Industrie B.V. | 2 | 1.0 Mt | 0.7 Mt | 0.3 Mt |
| Air Liquide Large Industry | 3 | 0.8 Mt | 0.7 Mt | 0.1 Mt |
| Air Products Nederland B.V. | 2 | 0.7 Mt | 0.5 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
| Linde Gas Produktionsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | 6 | 0.7 Mt | 0.3 Mt | 0.4 Mt |
| Air Liquide Ibérica de Gases | 2 | 0.5 Mt | 0.3 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
| Raffineria di Milazzo S.C.p.A. | 1 | 0.5 Mt | 0.2 Mt | 0.2 Mt |
| S.E. Carburos Metálicos, S.A. | 1 | 0.3 Mt | 0.2 Mt | 65 kt |
| Evonik Oxeno GmbH & Co. KG | 2 | 0.2 Mt | 0.2 Mt | 25 kt |
| BASF SE | 2 | 0.2 Mt | 0.2 Mt | none |
| Linde Gáz Magyarország Zrt. | 1 | 0.1 Mt | 43 kt | 99 kt |
| Air Liquide Italia Produzione S.r.l. | 1 | 0.1 Mt | 79 kt | 52 kt |
| AIR LIQUIDE Deutschland GmbH | 2 | 97 kt | 70 kt | 27 kt |
| Sociedade Portuguesa do Ar Líquido "ARLIQUIDO" LDA | 1 | 58 kt | 39 kt | 19 kt |
| SC LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL | 1 | 49 kt | 30 kt | 19 kt |
| AIR LIQUIDE FRANCE INDUSTRIE | 1 | 26 kt | 53 kt | none |
| Covestro Deutschland AG | 1 | 17 kt | 7 kt | 9 kt |
| Oy Linde Gas Ab | 1 | 14 kt | 0 kt | 14 kt |
| Nippon Gases Deutschland GmbH | 1 | 5 kt | 2 kt | 3 kt |
| Air Liquide Industriegase GmbH & Co. KG | 1 | 4 kt | 3 kt | 1 kt |
| BioMethanol Chemie Nederland B.V. | 1 | 0 kt | 7 kt | none |
| Adven Oy | 1 | 0 kt |
Largest installations
| Installation | Activity | Country | Operating company | Emissions 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammoniakanlage | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | YARA Brunsbüttel GmbH | 1.1 Mt |
| Air Liquide Industrie B.V., vest. Botlek-Rotterdam | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Netherlands | Air Liquide Industrie B.V. | 0.9 Mt |
| Air Products Nederland B.V., Locatie Botlek | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Netherlands | Air Products Nederland B.V. | 0.6 Mt |
| Impianto Idrogeno 2 RAM | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Italy | Raffineria di Milazzo S.C.p.A. | 0.5 Mt |
| Air Liquide Large Industry VTE Jupiter 1 | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Belgium | Air Liquide Large Industry | 0.4 Mt |
| Air Liquide Large Industry VTE Jupiter 2 | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Belgium | Air Liquide Large Industry | 0.4 Mt |
| Leuna SR 1,2 | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | Linde Gas Produktionsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | 0.3 Mt |
| Air Liquide Ibérica de Gases, P.P H2 Puertollano | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Spain | Air Liquide Ibérica de Gases | 0.3 Mt |
| S.E. Carburos Metálicos, S.A. | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Spain | S.E. Carburos Metálicos, S.A. | 0.3 Mt |
| Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | France | 0.2 Mt | |
| Air Liquide Ibérica de Gases, P.P. H2 Meicende | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Spain | Air Liquide Ibérica de Gases | 0.2 Mt |
| Werk 939,Leuna, Unit 824 | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | Linde Gas Produktionsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | 0.2 Mt |
| Wasserstoff-Anlage | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | Evonik Oxeno GmbH & Co. KG | 0.2 Mt |
| Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | France | 0.1 Mt | |
| LINDE GÁZ Magyarország Zrt. Kazincbarcikai HYCO 1- | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Hungary | Linde Gáz Magyarország Zrt. | 0.1 Mt |
| Synthesegasanlage-ab_2013 | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | BASF SE | 0.1 Mt |
| Impianto Idrogeno | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Italy | Air Liquide Italia Produzione S.r.l. | 0.1 Mt |
| Air Products Nederland B.V., Locatie Botlek (Merseyweg) | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Netherlands | Air Products Nederland B.V. | 99 kt |
| Air Liquide Large Industry SMR-X | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Belgium | Air Liquide Large Industry | 84 kt |
| Werk 0953 - Linde Steamreformer Brunsbüttel | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | Linde Gas Produktionsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | 74 kt |
| Air Liquide Industrie B.V. vest. Bergen op Zoom | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Netherlands | Air Liquide Industrie B.V. | 62 kt |
| SMR DOR III | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | AIR LIQUIDE Deutschland GmbH | 62 kt |
| Centro de Produção de Estarreja | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Portugal | Sociedade Portuguesa do Ar Líquido "ARLIQUIDO" LDA | 58 kt |
| Burghausen | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | Linde Gas Produktionsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | 57 kt |
| Wasserstoff-Anlage | Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas | Germany | BASF SE | 52 kt |
Emissions are verified EU Emissions Trading System emissions in tonnes of CO2 equivalent for 2025: the installations, aircraft operators and shipping companies covered by the ETS, not a company's total footprint (no scope 2 or 3, no sites outside the ETS). Free allocation is the free allowances allocated for the same year; "allowances to buy" is emissions minus free allocation, the exposure that grows as free allocation is phased out under CBAM from 2026. Companies only: an account holder that is not a company is never shown. Data as of 2026-10-25, updated yearly.
Emissions and allocation: European Commission, Union Registry of the EU ETS (verified emissions, free allocation, compliance and the list of operators; Commission reuse policy, CC BY 4.0). Parent company and pollutant releases of facilities: European Environment Agency, Industrial Emissions Portal (CC BY 4.0). Legal-entity identifiers: GLEIF (CC0).
Questions
Where does this data come from?
The European Commission publishes verified emissions, free allocation and compliance of every installation in the EU Emissions Trading System, and the list of operators with company registration number and LEI. We join them to the operating company, its website and its ultimate parent, and record changes each year.
Is this a full carbon footprint?
No. It covers emissions that fall under the EU ETS (power and heat, heavy industry, aviation within Europe, shipping). It has no scope 2 or scope 3 emissions and no sites outside the ETS.
Does the list show private persons?
No. Operators are shown only when they are companies. Account holders that could be natural persons are left out, and the data has no addresses or contact details.
Cite as: Arcadium Data, "Hydrogen: EU producers' emissions and free allocation (CBAM): 7.2 Mt in 2025", https://arcadiumdata.io/emissions/cbam/hydrogen/, data as of 2026-10-25.